Thyroid cancer is diagnosed through physical examinations, blood tests to check thyroid function, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to test cells from a thyroid nodule, ultrasound scans to image the thyroid and CT scans to determine if the cancer has spread.
The risk factors for thyroid cancer include being female, a family history of thyroid cancer, exposure to high levels of radiation and inherited genetic conditions like familial medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia.
Treatments for thyroid cancer typically involve surgery (either a full thyroidectomy or partial removal), radioactive iodine therapy, radiation therapy and thyroid hormone medication. In advanced cases, targeted therapies may be used.
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