The spine is often called the ‘backbone’. It supports your head and upper body and protects your spinal cord and nerves. Back and leg pain are likely caused by spinal nerves pinched by:
Your doctor will explain to you what causes your back pain and the need for surgery to relieve the pain and discomfort.
You will be admitted to hospital either a day before the surgery, or on the day of the surgery. If you have additional medical problems, admission may even be earlier.
Bowel Preparation You may be instructed to take some medications to help you clear your bowels. Please seek assistance if you need to visit the toilet.
No SmokingWe strongly discourage smoking one week prior to surgery and especially on the night before the surgery. Smoking makes it difficult for you to clear your secretions after surgery, and may impede your recovery.
ExerciseA physiotherapist may visit you to teach some simple positioning and log rolling in bed preoperatively. She may also teach you breathing and limb exercises that you may be required to perform before and after surgery.
No Food Consumption You should not consume any food, not even water, after midnight. This is to prevent any vomiting and subsequent breathing of the vomitus into the lung during surgery, which could be life-threatening.
Get a Good Night’s Rest Have a good night’s sleep before your operation. Do let your doctor or nurse know if you require some medication to help you to sleep.
Personal Items & Valuables We advise that you leave all your valuables and personal items at home, and to keep not more than ten dollars with you during your stay in the hospital.
Recovery Room
After your operation, you will be taken directly to the recovery room. Your blood pressure, breathing and heart rate will be checked frequently.
Please inform the nurse if you are feeling nauseous or experiencing any pain, so that medication could be given to relieve your discomfort.
You may also be put on Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) to help you control your pain. Your anaesthetist would explain to you before the surgery on the use of the patient demand button. Alternatively, you may be put on an epidural catheter for pain control.
When you are awake and your blood pressure and pulse have stabilised, you will be transferred to the ward.
At the ward, the nurses will check your blood pressure and pulse closely for the first 24 hours. In addition, she will also check your incision site for any bleeding.
Relief of Post Surgery Discomfort Some level of discomfort is to be expected after the surgery. Medication in the form of injection or tablet will be given to you to relieve any pain that you may experience after the surgery.
You are required to lie flat in bed and keep a pillow under your head and both knees. This is to relax your spine. The nurse will assist you to change position until you are able to do it yourself. You will be taught to log roll in bed and turn to the sides. It is important that you do not get up in bed unaided during this time.
Diet An intravenous drip will be inserted into your hand or arm. This will be removed when you are able to take drinks without feeling nausea or vomiting. Subsequently, you may resume your normal diet.
Wound Care Following your operation, your wound will be covered with a dressing, which will be changed to a lighter and more comfortable one within 48 hours.
You may have a drainage tube connected to your wound to drain out any excess blood. This will help to prevent swelling and bruising around the spine by draining excess fluid away into the bottle that will be hooked to the bed. The tube will be removed when instructed by the surgeon.
Personal Hygiene For the first few days when you are confined to the bed, washing will take place in bed.
Elimination Needs A flat bedpan or urinal will be provided for you to clear your bladder. Please inform your nurse if you may experience any difficulties in passing urine due to pain and positioning.
A combination of changes in your diet, reduced activities and medications may result in a change in your usual bowel habits. You will be given laxatives to soften your stools and stimulate bowel action.
Rehabilitation Your physiotherapist will work out a range of light motion exercises for you.
You will be taught how to get out of bed without causing any damage to your wound, and how to maintain your spine in a straight line. You will have to sit on a high-backed chair and may probably require a corset in order to sit up for meals.
Length of Stay The average length of stay for patients undergoing spine surgery is usually between six and fourteen days. However, the length of stay may vary with each individual.
The following discharge instructions will help you to take care of yourself during your recuperation at home.
Activity
Your physiotherapist will prescribe a set of exercises for you to continue at home. The importance of proper lifting technique, good bodies mechanics and postures will be reinforced.
Walking is still the best form of exercise after a back surgery. You should begin with regular short periods of distance walking on the third week after surgery. Slowly increase your walking distance. Usually, most people are able to walk an easy pace for 30 minutes or longer.
Returning to Everyday Activities
It is quite common to get occasional twinges of pain in one leg or both legs, and to have cramps in the calf particularly in the night. Do not be alarmed, as these symptoms will go away themselves. However, if you have a degree of numbness or weakness before the surgery, it may take you several weeks to recover and return to the normal state.
How soon you can return to work depends on your surgery, your recovery and the type of work you do. Please discuss with your doctor on when you are ready to return to work, and if any job reconditioning is necessary.
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