Multiple myeloma primarily affects the bone marrow by causing an overproduction of plasma cells. This leads to issues such as bone damage, reduced red and white blood cells and an increased risk of fractures, infections and organ dysfunction like kidney damage.
Diagnosing multiple myeloma involves blood tests to measure abnormal proteins, bone marrow biopsies to check for cancer cells and imaging scans like MRIs or CT scans to detect bone damage. These tests help doctors determine the stage and extent of the disease.
Common warning signs include persistent bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss and elevated calcium levels, which may cause excessive thirst and confusion. Fractures with minimal injury and kidney issues are also indicators.
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